What is pubic hair actually for? And does it matter if you remove it?

Pubic hair develops during puberty under the influence of sex hormones including testosterone. Researchers have proposed two main theories for why humans retain it: one suggests it helps retain and disperse body scent for sexual communication, though this has not been established in humans. Another theory proposes it reduces friction and chafing during movement and sexual activity. Both theories remain plausible but unproven.

No medical or hygiene reason exists to remove pubic hair. Normal washing with water or mild unscented cleanser is sufficient for external genital hygiene. People need not groom before medical appointments.

Research on infection risk presents a mixed picture. A 2024 review of 22 studies involving over 73,000 women found women who groomed were more likely to have had gonorrhoea or chlamydia, with no clear difference for viral infections like genital herpes. A 2026 review of 15 studies found frequent or complete hair removal associated with higher risk of sexually transmitted infections, urinary tract infections and vaginal irritation. However, a US study of 214 female university students that tested participants for chlamydia and gonorrhoea rather than using self-reports found no link between infection and frequent grooming. These studies show association only, not causation. Shaving can cause small cuts that may allow infections to enter the skin, and people who groom may have different sexual behaviours than those who don't.

An anonymous online survey of 1,560 young adults aged 18 to 25, conducted in 2014 and 2021, found around 73% of women and 65% of men reported grooming their pubic hair in the past year. Among those who groomed, 75.5% reported viewing pornography, but the study could not establish whether pornography influenced grooming decisions or whether people who groom are more likely to view pornography.

Most injuries from waxing, shaving or trimming are minor. Removing all hair frequently raises the risk of ingrown hairs or skin irritation. Keeping, trimming or removing pubic hair remains a personal choice.