Emily Rogalski, a neurologist at Northwestern University, studies "superagers" – people in their 80s and 90s who maintain sharp memories and cognitive abilities that rival much younger adults. Her research identifies lifestyle factors that may help preserve brain function during aging.
Rogalski's work focuses on understanding what distinguishes these cognitively exceptional older adults from their peers. Superagers typically show minimal cognitive decline and retain memory performance comparable to people decades younger. Brain imaging studies reveal that superagers often have thicker cortical tissue in regions critical for attention and memory, suggesting their brains age differently than typical older brains.
Her research team has identified several patterns in superagers' lives. Regular physical exercise emerges as a consistent factor – aerobic activity increases blood flow to the brain and promotes the growth of new neurons in memory-related regions. Cognitive engagement matters too. Superagers tend to pursue mentally stimulating activities, from learning new skills to staying socially connected, which builds cognitive reserve.
Diet composition plays a role in Rogalski's findings. Superagers often follow eating patterns rich in omega-3 fatty acids, antioxidants, and other nutrients that support brain health. Sleep quality and stress management also distinguish these individuals. Consistent, restorative sleep allows the brain to clear metabolic waste and consolidate memories.
Purpose and social connection emerge as unexpected factors. Superagers frequently report having meaningful life goals and maintaining strong relationships. These psychological elements correlate with better cognitive outcomes, possibly because purposeful engagement stimulates multiple neural networks.
Rogalski emphasizes that superagers are not genetically special – they simply make different choices. While genetics influence cognitive aging, lifestyle decisions account for substantial variation in brain health trajectories. Her ongoing work continues tracking superagers to identify which interventions offer the greatest protection against age-related cognitive decline.
These findings suggest that cognitive sharpness